书面表达应对策略　　

           陈秋萍　08.11.26　　　

高考英语书面表达一般要求的字数在100-120左右。因此，考生答题时要留有足够的时间作文，至少20分钟；不要一看到题目就马上动笔，发现错误随便涂改。要做到一审题，二列提纲，三成文，四检查。审题很重要，根据英语高考对考生考查能力的要求，要从交际角度去考虑表达，进行构思。列提纲使得所要写的内容条理化，除注意文体的特定格式外，要始终选用自己最熟悉的词语和句型以及自己最有把握的表达形式，还要注意语言的灵活性。检查内容是否扣题，格式是否正确，有无遗漏要点并保持卷面整洁。这里还须注意的是浙江高考英语书面表达题有半开放式的趋势，要求考生补充自己的观点和感想。此时，考生可以自由发挥，但观点要鲜明，想象要合理，切忌随意发挥，要适时收笔。　　

对英语基础比较差的考生来说，每次写作前要问自己四个问题：这篇文章的体裁格式是怎样的？主体时态用什么时态？人称用第几人称？可以分几段，之间用什么过渡词，连接词？带着这四个问题去审题，搞清楚文章的主要内容，然后列出提纲。仅列提纲还不够，要精确到句子，每一个句子首先用一两个中心词表达出来，然后翻译成地道的英文。不要求写出有难度的句子，只要能够保证不犯语法和拼写错误就可以了。　　

对于那些高考中力争拿第一档次的考生来说，除带着问题去审题外，还需考虑句子结构的变化与组合，要长短结合，错落有致。英语的句子结构变化比较多，但我们在写作时受汉语的影响很深，写出的句子常常整齐划一，缺少变化。因此，在加工时，就要有意地想：哪几个简单句能加工成一个复合句或者复杂句；每个句子的主语是否都是“人”(从头到尾都是he或者we)，是否可以用一个抽象名词或者一个ing结构来代替；在一个“意群”中，是否每个句子都是以主语开始；是否每个句子的谓语动词都是简单的一个动词，能否把其中的某一个或几个改成词组；能否构成一个又一个“短句+长句+短句”的意群组合；对于每一个表述，都应考虑一下，这种表述是否太中文化，英语是否有更简单的表达。　　

具体做法：　　

一）．遣词造句　　

用词准确、得体是写作的前提。　　

比如汉语中“敲打”，英语中则用不同的动词表达beat the drum ，knock at the door，The clock struck 12. 因此，选词时要注意中英文化的不同，还应注意用词的得体性。    　　

例如：　　

 例词                 普通用语                         较高级词汇　　

老年人                old people                       gray hair/ senior citizens　　

不同的旅程            different trips                     various tours　　

难事                 a difficult job                  a challenging/demanding job　　

回家                  go home                          head /set out for home　　

二）．巧用精彩句子　　

1. 熟记所学精彩短语及句子　　

有意识地在所学教材或平时阅读中摘录一些表达方式新颖、生动形象的词语或句子。并将它们应用到自己的习作中去。　　

如：1). A walk around the Kitzbuhel is a feast for the eyes.　　

    2). At one moment in a show, you can hear the audience laughing loudly. A few minutes later everybody is quiet, listening and thinking.　　

 3). Typical for 　　China　　 is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.　　

另外，不妨记忆一些热点名词：如Shenzhou VI Manned Spaceship（神州六号宇宙载人飞船）, community service（社区服务）, Youth Volunteer（青年志愿者）, nine years of compulsory education（九年制义务教育）, bird flu（ 禽流感），harmonious society（和谐社会）poverty relief（脱贫)等。　　

2. 句型的多样化　　

1）改变时态或语态　　

例: ① The bell is ringing now.(一般)          There goes the bell! (高级)　　

②People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)　　　

It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)　　

2）使用非谓语动词　　

例: ①He is so kind that he can help me.(一般) 　　

 He is so kind as to help 　　me.　　(高级) [不定式]　　

　　   ② Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)　　

　　     Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高级) [过去分词]　　

　　  ③When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)　　

　　  On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高级)  [现在分词]　　

3）使用从句　　

   名词性从句　　

　　例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn't turn up.(一般)　　

　　  The fact that he didn't turn up disappointed everybody.(高级)　　

　　  ②To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)　　

　　 What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高级)　　　　

　　定语从句　　

　　例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)　　

　　  The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高级)　　

　  状语从句　　

　例:①I won't believe what he says.(一般)　　

　　 No matter what he says, I won't believe.(高级)　　

　　②If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.(一般)　　

　　You can go out on condition that(provided/supposing that) you come back before six        o'clock.(高级)　　

4） 强调词或句　　

例:① I didn’t realize I had left the bag on the shop counter until I arrived home. (一般)　　

 It was not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag on the shop counter. (高级) 　　

   ② Where did you go last night? (一般)　　

Where in the word/ on earth did you go last night?  (高级) 　　

5) 倒装句　　

   例: When you turn right at the second crossing, the theater will come into view. (一般)　　

Only when you turn right at the second crossing will the theater come into view. (高级)　　

6) With引导的伴随结构　　

例: We headed to the farm in high spirits and the sun was lighting brightly and the birds were sing clearly. (一般)　　

 With the sun lighting brightly and the birds singing clearly, we headed to the farm in high spirits. (高级)　　

7) 感叹句　　

例: ① My father is a great man. (一般)     What a great man my father is! (高级)　　

      ② They finished their repairing work together. They felt very happy. (一般)　　

    How happy they were when they finished their repairing work! (高级)　　

8) 适当使用虚拟语气　　

例: ①You didn’t hand in your exercises in time. (一般)　　

    You should have handed in your exercises in time. (高级)　　

   ② At that time I was so worried that I wanted to fly there to help him. (一般)　　

     If only I were a bird so as to be able to help him! (高级)　　

9) 适当加一些插入语：一些副词、介词短语、甚至句子可以放到句子中间作插入语，如I guess、however, in a way, certainly, in my opinion, probably, briefly等，有时还可几个插入语连用。　　

  例: He likes football but his brother prefers basketball. (一般)　　

     Football, I guess, is his favorite sport while his brother prefers basketball. (高级)　　

10)  合理的修辞（比喻或拟人）　　

1. Our English teacher is a walking dictionary.　　

2. Dusk found Bach crying in the square. (tell/ see/witness)　　

3. Now my father is as busy as a bee.